Everything about Petro Doroshenko totally explained
Petro Doroshenko (
Ukrainian: Петро Дорошенко) (
1627–
1698) was a
Cossack political and military leader,
Hetman of
Right-bank Ukraine (
1665–
1672) and
Muscovite voyevoda.
Biography
Petro Doroshenko was born in
Chyhyryn (
Chigirin) to a noble Cossack family. He was a grandson of Cossack Hetman
Mykhailo Doroshenko who held the
bulava in the 1620s. Among his descendants are
Natalia Pushkina and the Royal Houses of Luxembourg-Nassau-Weilburg (
Count of Merenberg) Great Britain (
Mountbatten,
Mountbatten-Windsor) and the imperial House of Russia (
Romanov,
Countess de Torby) by
Natalia Goncharowa`s daughter Nathalya
Pushkin,
Countess of Merenberg, married to HSH Prince Nicolas Wilhelm of Nassau-Weilburg, brother of
Grand Duke Adolphe I. of Luxembourg, and therefore with almost all Royal and ruling European houses.
During the
Khmelnytskyi Uprising, Doroshenko joined
Bohdan Khmelnytsky in his fight against the Polish domination of
Ukraine. Doroshenko held the rank of
polkovnyk, commanding a regiment under Khmelnytsky and his successor
Ivan Vyhovsky. Between
1657 and
1658 he helped Hetman Vyhovsky to suppress pro-Muscovy uprising of
Iakiv Barabash and
Martyn Pushkar a bloody fratricidal conflict, resulting in some 50,000 Ukrainian deaths.
Hetman
Pavlo Teteria promoted Doroshenko to the rank of his chief (general)
yesaul in
1663. Doroshenko became the leader of the Cossack
starshyna (senior officers) and elements within the ecclesiastical authorities who opposed
1654 Treaty of Pereyaslav. Supported by
Crimean Tatars and
Ottoman Turkey in
1665, Doroshenko crushed the pro-Muscovy Cossack bands and became Hetman of Right-bank Ukraine.
During negotiations with Russian
Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich Doroshenko rejected the
1667 Treaty of Andrusovo that divided Ukraine between Russia and Poland and refused to accept Polish rule over western Ukraine. Doroshenko unsuccessfully proposed to the Russians to make him Hetman of all Ukraine, independent from Poles and allied to Muscovite Russia. After negotiations collapsed, Petro Doroshenko and his men crossed into
Left-bank Ukraine supporting an uprising against
Ivan Briukhovetsky in
1668. Following Briukhovetsky's execution they proposed
Demian Mnohohrishny as new Hetman of eastern Ukraine.
However, Doroshenko was defeated by pro-Muscovy Cossacks of Left-bank Ukraine led by
Ivan Sirko and voyevoda
Grigory Romodanovsky's Streltsy. In a final bid to preserve his power in Ukraine, Hetman Doroshenko signed a treaty with
Sultan Mehmed IV that recognized the
Cossack Hetmanate as a
vassal of the Ottoman Empire. This was very unpopular with the majority of deeply
Orthodox Christian Cossacks and proved to be a serious mistake on the part of the Hetman. Most of his supporters deserted to his pro-Muscovy rivals, while at the same time Poles led by
Jan Sobieski invaded Ukraine.
Turkish counter-invasion which stopped the Polish invasion and laid sieges to
Kamianets-Podilskyi (it has been captured and sacked) and
Lviv in
1672 gave Doroshenko a brief respite, but soon more troubles followed. Thousands of inhabitants of Podolia were enslaved by Turks, Crimean Tatars devastated
Right-bank Ukraine. In
1674 Cossacks led by new pro-Muscovy Hetman
Ivan Samoylovych together with Prince Grigory Romodanovsky deposed Doroshenko from his last stronghold at Chyhyryn. After his defeat in what became known as the
Chihyryn Campaigns, Doroshenko was arrested and brought to
Moscow never to return to Ukraine.
In
1676 Petro Doroshenko asked new Russian Tsar
Feodor III to forgive him and promised his loyalty. In
1679 he was appointed voyevoda (governor-duke) of
Vyatka in central Russia, and after a few years was granted an estate and principality of
Yaropolch in
Volokolamsk Uyezd.
Petro Doroshenko died in
1698 near
Volokolamsk. To this day he remains a controversial figure in
Ukrainian history. Some consider him a national hero who wanted an independent Ukraine, while to others he was a power-hungry Cossack Hetman who offered Ukraine to a Muslim Sultan in exchange for hereditary overlordship of his native land.
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